Best Leg Exercises

It is Not as Simple as just Quads and Hamstrings

Leg muscle anatomy may seem straight forward when you look at a simple anatomy chart but is more complex.

Some muscles or parts of the muscles in the legs are responsible for multiple actions and act on both the hip and knee joints.

Quadriceps

The quadriceps or "quads" is one of the largest muscles in your body.  Many of the best leg exercises focus on the quads.  The primary function of the quadriceps is leg extension.  Leg extension is the motion of extending your knee like kicking a ball.

Hamstrings

The hamstrings flex (curl) your leg.  If you were standing and lifted your heel back to try to touch your butt your hamstrings would perform the action.

Glutes

There are 3 gluteal muscles.  You have heard of the gluteus maximus which is the largest muscle in your body.  There is also the gluteus minimus and medius.  The group is often referred to as the glutes.

The primary function of the glutes is to extend your hip but they have many other functions such as leg abduction which is moving your leg away from your body to the side.

Hip Flexors

The hip flexors are the muscles which lift your knee up as if you were about to march.  The hip flexors are a chronic tight muscle which causes posture problems.

Adductors

The adductor complex is the group of muscles of your inner thigh.  The primary function of the adductors is to adduct your legs.  Adduction is the moving of moving your legs together from away from your body.

Abductors

Abduction is the motion of moving a leg to the side away from your body.  You may have heard your abductors referred to as your outer thighs.

You Now Know the Primary Functions of the Major Legs Muscle Groups

That is the good news.  The bad news is every muscle has many functions.  During every motion every muscle has to perform different duties.  The most simple to understand is the agonist - antagonist relationship.

The agonist is the muscle which (shortens) performs the primary action and the antagonist is the muscle which (lengthens) opposes it.  For example, when you extend your leg your quadriceps are the agonist.  The antagonist muscle on the other side, the hamstrings lengthen.

This is very important because if the length tension relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles is off, the agonist muscle cannot contract properly.  You can learn more about muscle balance, imbalances when you read about posture problems.

The best leg exercises are all functional, multi-joint exercises because they promote muscle balance and working your largest muscles which help you the most.

It Doesn't Matter if you are Young, Old, Male or Female

The common goal of all the best leg exercises is to stay healthy.  These leg exercises have many benefits.  All of these benefits will be thrown out the windows if you get injured.

You have probably experienced some kind of leg or knee pain at one point of your life.  Your knees are one of the most vulnerable joints in your body.  To avoid injury it is very important know perform all of the best leg exercises properly.

The Knee Actually Consists of 3 different Articulations or Joints

It is important you know the difference between the 3 articulations to avoid injury while your perform the best leg exercises.  The first joint is the tibiofibular joint.  It connects the tibia and fibula, the lower leg bones.  It is an arthroidial joint which means it allows very little motion.  You do not have to worry about injuring your tibiofemoral joint

The 2 Joints You Should be Familiar with in the Knee

Tibiofemoral Joint

The tibiofemoral joint is the articulation of the largest bone in your body, the femur (upper leg bone) and the tibia (larger of the 2 lower leg bones.)

The Tibiofemoral Joint is Supported by 4 Ligaments

You may have heard many times about injuries to the knee ligaments specifically the ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) and MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament.)  The tibiofemoral joint is also supported by the 3rd joint involved in the knee the patellofemoral joint.

ACL and MCL sprains and tears are common sports injuries.

This may be misleading because most of the injuries are due to trauma which is one specific event.  The tibiofemoral joint is less likely to have problems related to weight training or cardio exercise.

Patellofemoral Joint

The patellofemoral joint is the articulation of the patella (kneecap) and the femur.

The Patellofemoral Joint is Prone to Chronic Injuries

Chronic injuries are overuse injuries.  Overuse injuries happen over time and are associated with a specific repetitive motion.  This constant overload will eventually cause an injury.

Common chronic injuries of the patellofemoral joint are runner's knee and jumper's knee. 

Runners Knee is the name given for chondromalacia patellae which is the degeneration of the back of the kneecap.

Jumper's knee is patellar tendonitis which is inflammation of the patellar ligament which is often referred to as a tendon.

Patellofemoral joint problems are frustrating to most active people because they take a long time to heal with complete rest.

Overuse injuries can be exacerbated by muscle imbalances, posture problems, and poor exercise form.  Be very cautious while you perform the best leg exercises.  If you ever experience knee pain, you may need to take a step back.

Since Exercise in the Gym Consists of Repetitive Motions; Protecting the Patellofemoral Joint is a Must

This means proper form is necessary at all times when you perform the best leg exercises.  The easiest way to minimize stress on the patellofemoral joint is to be aware of the relationship of your knees to your toes during the best leg exercises.

Specifically, your center of gravity should not  travel forward while your patellofemoral joint is bearing a load.  This simply means keep your hips from traveling forward while your knees are bearing a load.

You can avoid potential patellofemoral problems by using proper form.  If you have posture problems which make it extremely difficult or impossible to maintain proper form you may want to visit a physical therapist or personal trainer who can diagnose and run you through a corrective stretching program to correct the muscle muscle imbalances which cause the posture problems.

These Leg Exercises are Most Effective because they are Multi-Joint Functional Movements

The best leg exercises work a large percentage of your lower body muscle mass.  The more muscle mass each leg exercise recruits, the more they will positively effect your body.

Lunges

Lunges are by far the most effective leg exercises.  They dynamically exercise your quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, as well as your adductors, abductors and calves.  There is a whole page devoted to the lunge exercise which includes many variations.

Start:  Stand with your shoulders in neutral posture and draw in your core.

Begin the motion:  Step forward, gliding your foot along the ground until your heel touches a few feet in front of you.  As your front toe lands you should bend your front and rear legs until your rear knee is about 1 inch above the floor.  Your front heel should be directly below your knee.  Both legs should bent at around the same angle which is around 90 degrees.

From the bottom position you have many options.  For the basic lunge you should lift your body up at the same time you bring your hips forward until you are in the original standing position.

The lunge exercise page has in depth information about different forms of lunges.

Never lunge forward and land on your toes.  Never let your front knee wobble side to side and try to avoid all lateral motion.  Always keep your upper body upright, do not lean forward.

Dead Lifts

Dead lifts may not only be one of the best exercises, they could be the best of all exercises.  Dead lifts are a full body exercise which depends on proper form to get the full benefits.  If you perform dead lifts with improper form you risk injuries to your back and knees.

Start:  Take a slightly wider than shoulder width stance.  Grip the barbell with either an overhand or alternating grip.  When you set up for the dead lift, you can lean back until your butt is pretty low. 

It is crucially important for the entire motion to keep your back flat, never let your shoulders fall forward.  Do not bend your arms the entire motion.

It is very important to stabilize your core and support your lower back to take a deep breath and hold it until the weight is pulled all the way up.

Begin the motion:  Keep your core tightly drawn in for the duration of the dead lift.  Drive up with your chest.  Pull the weight straight up.  Make sure to keep it as close to your body as you can.  At the top of the motion you must contract your glutes (squeeze your butt) and retract your shoulders.  Lower the weight all way back to the floor.

Remember, the dead lift is the act of lifting the weight off the floor.  Every repetition make sure to lower the weight all the way to the floor.

It is an exercise which is best used for low reps.  If you perform high reps on the dead lift, there is a good chance your form will break down and you will get injured.

The dead lift is one of the best leg exercises as it is a whole body task to lift the weight up, but is also a great exercise for your glutes, especially if the bar is low to start.

Hack Squats

Hack squats are pretty much identical to dead lifts except the bar is held behind your body instead of in the front.

Hack squats are somewhat of a forgotten exercise.  You may be familiar with the hack squat machine at your local gym.

This makes hack squats less likely to cause injury than dead lifts.  With the bar behind your body, it is less likely your shoulders can fall forward and cause a back injury.

The part about performing hack squats which may be difficult is it may be difficult to get the bar past your butt.  Hack squats are far superior to hack squat machines because they are functional and use more muscle mass.

Back Squats

Squats are possibly the most fundamental exercise.  They are one of the best leg exercises because they work a good percentage of your muscle mass.  Proper back squats will help you get stronger, gain muscle, burn fat and tone your entire body more than any other exercise.

Start:  Stand with a barbell on your upper shoulders.  There are 2 common positions to put the barbell.  The high position is right on top of your trapezious muscles.  The low position is almost in the middle of your trapezious muscle.  The low position is common among power lifters and people lifting very heavy weights.  It is recommended you start in the high position. 

Begin the motion:  Unpack the barbell and clear the racks.  The first movement in the back squat is the anterior pelvic rotation.  Before you bend your knees, you must rotate your hips forward.  This causes your butt to travel backwards.  Lower your butt down as if you are sitting on an imaginary chair.

Squat down as far as you can comfortably.  It is preferable if you squat down until your hips and knees are parallel but not necessary.  After you reach bottom, lead upwards with your chest.  This means you never should let your shoulders move forward.  Contract your glutes as you reach the standing position.

Always keep the core very tightly draw in during the entire motion of weighted back squats.  If performed correctly weighted back squats are the choice of many for the best leg exercise.

The good thing about squats is you can get a good leg workout with just your body weight.  There are many variations of squats.  You can perform a squat without any weights, or use dumbbells.  You can either hold the dumbbells in a high hang position in front of your shoulders or a low hang at your sides.

Front Squats

Front squats are the same as back squats except the bar is placed across the anterior deltoids (front of shoulders.)

This requires very strong shoulders if you use a decently heavy weight.  If you are able to hold the bar properly front squats are one of the best leg exercises.

Front squats were originally performed as part of the Olympic lift, the clean and jerk.  When you perform front squats you can either hold the bar in high hang position or have your arms either crossed in front of you.

An advantage of front squats is you can usually squat with more range of motion than a back squat.

The major disadvantage is the difficulty of holding the bar as it is hard on the anterior deltoids and wrists.

Physio Ball Weighted Squats

The physio ball squat is a perfect leg exercise for beginners.  It can help teach the proper hip movement for back squats while the legs are in the optimal 90 degree relationship.  This will eliminate almost all stress on the lower back.

Start:  Place a stability ball against a wall.  Lean back into the ball with it positioned in the middle of your back.

Position your feet around shoulder distance apart.  You should have your feet about a foot in front of your hips.  Hold the dumbbells in a high hang position at your shoulders or a low hang position at your sides.

Begin the motion:  Draw in your core.  Rotate your pelvis anteriorly (stick your butt out) and slowly drop your hips straight down towards the floor.   Do not let your hips move forward.

Stop when your hips, knees, and ankles are aligned in a 90 degree angle.    Pause for a second and squat back up to the original position.

Step-Ups

Step-ups are one of the best leg exercises because they are truly a functional movement.  This means they directly mimic ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) and involve stabilization in different planes.

Start:  You can use pretty much anything to step up on just make sure it is stable and safe, especially if you use weight.

Begin the motion:  Draw in your core.  Step up to the box.  Make sure when you land you land on your heel and not your toes.  Squat yourself up with the leg you stepped up with, and contract your glutes at the top. 

You may or may not use weight in the form of a dumbbell or barbell.  You can add different upper body exercises with step-ups.  Just make sure you have mastered balancing during the step-up before you try to progress the difficulty of these best legs exercises.

Romanian Dead Lifts

The RDL or Romanian Dead Lift is one of the best legs and butt exercises.  Out of all the best leg exercises it is the best hamstring exercise because it is a functional, mutli-joint movement.  Many women claim that the RDL really helps reduce cellulite and tighten up the backside.

The RDL is an advanced movement which takes proper instruction and practice to master.

Start:  You can either have a loaded barbell or dumbbells on the floor or in a low hang position.  Keep your legs in a slightly bent position for the duration of the movement.  It is essential to have your shoulders stabilized in a retracted (together in back) position for the duration of the movement as well.

Begin the motion:  It is essential to have a super tight drawn in core as you begin this motion.  Stick your butt backwards lowering the bar or dumbbells as close too your body as possible.  Only lower the bar to where you can keep the strict form.  Raise the weight back up, at the top of the motion it is very important you retract your shoulder blades (squeeze them together) and contract your glutes.

You Have Already Learned the Best Leg Exercises but there are Many More

The best leg exercises are functional exercises.  Functional exercises are exercises which involve multiple muscle groups, and stabilization in multiple planes of motion. 

The best leg exercises work the large muscle group of the legs and their supporting muscles which some exercises isolate.  To isolate the supporting muscles may cause muscle imbalances which may lead to injury.

Here is Some More Helpful Information which will Supplement the Best Leg Exercises

Sets and Reps

You know the best leg exercises now but how many repetitions should your perform?  How many sets?  Learn how to determine how many sets and reps you should perform for every exercise as well as the best leg exercises.

Legs and Butt Exercises

Learn why it is important to strengthen your glutes and how each leg exercise may also be a great butt exercise.

Best Hamstring Exercises

Learn exercises which isolate the back of your legs.

Best Exercises for Women

Are some exercises better for women while other exercises are better for men?  Learn the similarities and differences between the best legs exercises for men and those for women.

Best Calf Exercises

Do you want to attempt to build the muscle which is the most difficult for most people?  If you are looking to add inches to your calves, tone them, or be able to jump out of the gym the best calf exercises will help you reach your goals.

Posture Problems

Do you have problems with your posture?  Even if you do, you may not know it yet.  Learn why muscle imbalances can be a problem in the present and future.  Learn how to prevent, and correct muscle imbalances with corrective exercise.